Publications

@article{Troy2021,
title = {Childhood psychopathology mediates associations between childhood adversities and multiple health risk behaviours in adolescence: analysis using the ALSPAC birth cohort},
author = {Troy, D. Russell, A. Kidger, J. Wright, C.},
url = {https://acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jcpp.13379},
doi = {/10.1111/jcpp.13379},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-02-22},
journal = {The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry },
keywords = {Children, Mental Health, young people},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{@article{Whiteheadn376,
title = {Editorials Poverty, health, and covid-19},
author = {Whitehead, M. Taylor-Robinson, D. Barr, B.},
url = {https://www.bmj.com/content/372/bmj.n376.full},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n376 },
year = {2021},
date = {2021-02-12},
journal = {BMJ},
volume = {372},
number = {376},
keywords = {COVID-19, Inequalities, poverty},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{deVocht2021,
title = {Conceptualising natural and quasi experiments in public health},
author = {de Vocht, F. Katikireddi, S,V. McQuire, C. Tilling, K. Hickman, M. Craig, P. },
url = {https://bmcmedresmethodol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12874-021-01224-x},
doi = {/10.1186/s12874-021-01224-x},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-02-11},
journal = {BMC Medical Research Methodology },
keywords = {evaluation, natural experiments},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Theis2021,
title = {Is Obesity Policy in England Fit for Purpose? Analysis of Government Strategies and Policies, 1992–2020},
author = {Theis, D. R. Z. White, M.
},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1468-0009.12498},
doi = {/10.1111/1468-0009.12498},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-19},
journal = {Milbank Quarterly},
keywords = {Government, Obesity, Prevention, Strategy},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{McGill2021,
title = {Evaluation of public health interventions from a complex systems perspective: A research methods review},
author = { McGill, E. Er, V. Penney, T. et al. },
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277953621000290},
doi = {10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.113697},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-11},
journal = {Social Science & Medicine},
volume = {272},
number = {113697},
keywords = {complex systems, Interventions, Public health},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Tinner2020,
title = {Qualitative Evaluation of Web-Based Digital Intervention to Prevent and Reduce Excessive Alcohol Use and Harm Among Young People Aged 14-15 Years: A “Think-Aloud” Study},
author = {Tinner, L. Kaner, E. Garnett, C. Mitchell, S. Hickman, M. Campbell, R. MacArthur, G.},
url = {https://pediatrics.jmir.org/2020/2/e19749/},
doi = {/10.2196/19749},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-12-15},
journal = {JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting },
keywords = {Alcohol, Digital Interventions, young people},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Ronzi2020,
title = {How is Respect and Social Inclusion Conceptualised by Older Adults in an Aspiring Age-Friendly City? A Photovoice Study in the North-West of England},
author = {Ronzi, S. Orton, L. Buckner, S. Bruce, N. Pope, D.
},
url = {https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/24/9246},
doi = {/10.3390/ijerph17249246},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-12-10},
journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health},
keywords = {Age Friendly Cities, Ageing, Social Inclusion},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Hefferonarchdischild-2020-320214,
title = {Priorities for the child public health response to the COVID-19 pandemic recovery in England},
author = {Hefferon C, Taylor C, Bennett D, Falconer C, Campbell M, Williams JG, Schwartz D, Kipping R, Taylor-Robinson D},
url = {10.1136/archdischild-2020-320214},
doi = {10.1136/archdischild-2020-320214},
issn = {0003-9888},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-12-09},
journal = {Archives of Disease in Childhood },
keywords = {child health, Children, COVID-19, Health inequalities, pandemic, Policy, priorities},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Bennett2020,
title = {Trends in inequalities in Children Looked After in England between 2004 and 2019: a local area ecological analysis },
author = {Bennett, D L. Mason, K L. Shluter, D K. Wickham, S. Lai E TC. Alexiou, A. Barr, B. Taylor-Robinson D. },
url = {https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/10/11/e041774},
doi = {/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041774},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-11-23},
journal = {BMJ Open },
keywords = {Children, Health inequalities, Training},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Plackett2020,
title = {Use of Social Media to Promote Cancer Screening and Early Diagnosis: Scoping Review},
author = {Plackett, R. Kaushal, A. Kassianos, A P. Cross, A. Lewins, D. Sheringham, J. Waller, J. von Wagner, C.},
doi = {10.2196/21582},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-11-09},
journal = {Journal of Medical Internet Research},
volume = {22},
number = {11},
keywords = {behaviour, Prevention, social media},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Ingram2020,
title = {Household and area-level social determinants of multimorbidity: a systematic review},
author = {Ingram, E. Ledden, S. Beardon, S. Gomes, M. Hogarth, S. McDonald, H. Osborn, D P. Sheringham, J. },
doi = {10.1136/jech-2020-214691},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-11-06},
journal = {Journal of Epidemology & Community Health},
keywords = {Health inequalities, Inequalities, Obesity, Social determinants, systematic review},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{McGill2020,
title = {Qualitative process evaluation from a complex systems perspective: A systematic review and framework for public health evaluators},
author = {McGill, E. Marks, D. Er, V. Penney, T. Petticrew, M. Egan, M.},
doi = {/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003368},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-11-02},
journal = {PLOS medicine},
keywords = {complex systems, Decision making, Evaluation tool, systematic review},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Laverty2020,
title = {Road user charging: a policy whose time has finally arrived},
author = {Laverty, A. Vamos, E P. Panter, J. Millett. C.},
doi = {10.1016/S2542-5196(20)30244-8},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-11-01},
journal = {The Lancet Planetary Health},
volume = {4},
number = {11},
keywords = {Policy, Transport},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Kirkman2020,
title = {Field validity and spatial accuracy of Food Standards Agency Food Hygiene Rating scheme data for England},
author = {Kirkman, S. Hollingsworth, B. Lake, A. Hinke, S. Sorrell,S. Burgoine, T. Brown, H. },
url = {https://academic.oup.com/jpubhealth/advance-article/doi/10.1093/pubmed/fdaa172/5910440},
doi = {/10.1093/pubmed/fdaa172/5910440},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-09-24},
keywords = {Food},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{,
title = {Use of Online Food Delivery Services to Order Food Prepared Away-From-Home and Associated Sociodemographic Characteristics: A Cross-Sectional, Multi-Country Analysis},
author = {Keeble M, Adams J, Sacks G, Vanderlee L, White CM, Hammond D, Burgoine T},
url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17145190},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17145190},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-07-20},
journal = { Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health},
volume = {17},
number = {5190},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{,
title = {COVID-19 presents opportunities and threats to transport and health},
author = {Laverty A, Millett C, Majeed A},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0141076820938997},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0141076820938997},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-07-14},
journal = { Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine},
volume = {113},
number = {7},
pages = {251-254},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{,
title = {Applying a Systems Perspective to Preventive Health: How Can It Be Useful?; Comment on “What Can Policy-Makers Get Out of Systems Thinking? Policy Partners’ Experiences of a Systems-Focused Research Collaboration in Preventive Health”},
author = {Egan M, McGill E},
url = {https://doi.org/10.34172/ijhpm.2020.120 },
doi = {https://doi.org/10.34172/ijhpm.2020.120 },
year = {2020},
date = {2020-07-13},
journal = {International Journal of Health Policy and Management },
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{,
title = {Child poverty, food insecurity, and respiratory health during the COVID-19 pandemic},
author = {Sinha I P. Lee A R. Bennett D. McGeehan, Abrams E M. Mayell S J. Harwood R. Hawcutt D B. Gilchrist F J. Auth M K H. Simba J M. Taylor-Robinson D C. },
doi = {1010.1016/S2213-2600(20)30280-0},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-06-29},
journal = {The Lancet Respiratory Medicine},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{O'Malley2020,
title = {Exploring the fast food and planning appeals system in England and Wales: Decisions made by the Planning Inspectorate (PINS). },
author = {O'Malley, C., Lake, A., Townshend, T., & Moore, H.  },
url = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1757913920924424},
doi = {/10.1177/1757913920924424},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-06-25},
journal = {Perspectives in Public Health},
keywords = {Food, Planning},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{,
title = {Half of children entitled to free school meals do not have access to the scheme during the COVID-19 lockdown in the UK.},
author = {Parnham JC, Laverty AA, Majeed A, Vamos EP},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.19.20135392},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.19.20135392},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-06-23},
journal = {medrxiv},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{,
title = {Routine vaccination during covid-19 pandemic response},
author = {Saxena, S. Skirrow,H. Bedford, H. },
doi = {/10.1136/bmj.m2392},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-06-16},
journal = {BMJ },
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{,
title = {Associations between cigarette prices and consumption in Europe 2004-2014},
author = {Laverty, A A. Millet, C. Filippidis, F T. },
doi = {/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2019-055299},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-06-16},
journal = {Tobacco Control},
abstract = {

Introduction

Increases in tobacco price are known to reduce smoking prevalence, but these correlations may be blunted by the availability of budget cigarettes, promoted by the tobacco industry to maintain profits.

Objective

To investigate the effect of budget cigarettes on cigarette consumption using data from Europe 2004–2014.

Methods

Data on the annual population-weighted cigarette consumption per adult come from the International Cigarette Consumption Database. Data on the annual tobacco price come from Euromonitor International for 23 European countries. Median prices and price differentials (operationalised as percentages obtained by dividing the difference between median and minimum prices by the median price) were examined. A linear random-effects model was used to assess associations between median prices and price differentials with cigarette consumption within 1 year and with a 1-year time lag.

Results

Cigarette consumption per capita declined over the study period (−29.5 cigarettes per capita per year, 95% confidence interval −46.8 to −12.1). The analysis suggests that increases in cigarette price differentials, a marker of opportunities for smokers to switch to less expensive cigarettes, may be associated with greater consumption in the same year (6.4 for a 10% increase in differential, −40.0 to 52.6) and are associated with greater consumption in the following year (67.6, 25.8 to 109.5).

Conclusion

These analyses suggest that even in Europe, where tobacco taxes are relatively high compared with other regions, differential cigarette pricing strategies may undermine tobacco control. Further research is needed on links between tobacco price structures and consumption, and policy design to maximise the effectiveness of tobacco taxation.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{,
title = {The COVID-19 pandemic and health inequalities},
author = {Bambra, C. Riordan, R. Ford, J. Matthews, F. },
doi = {/10.1136/jech-2020-214401},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-06-13},
journal = {Journal of Epidemiology & Health},
abstract = {This essay examines the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic for health inequalities. It outlines historical and contemporary evidence of inequalities in pandemics—drawing on international research into the Spanish influenza pandemic of 1918, the H1N1 outbreak of 2009 and the emerging international estimates of socio-economic, ethnic and geographical inequalities in COVID-19 infection and mortality rates. It then examines how these inequalities in COVID-19 are related to existing inequalities in chronic diseases and the social determinants of health, arguing that we are experiencing a syndemic pandemic. It then explores the potential consequences for health inequalities of the lockdown measures implemented internationally as a response to the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on the likely unequal impacts of the economic crisis. The essay concludes by reflecting on the longer-term public health policy responses needed to ensure that the COVID-19 pandemic does not increase health inequalities for future generations.

This article is made freely available for use in accordance with BMJ's website terms and conditions for the duration of the covid-19 pandemic or until otherwise determined by BMJ. You may use, download and print the article for any lawful, non-commercial purpose (including text and data mining) provided that all copyright notices and trade marks are retained.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Sinha2020,
title = {Children are being sidelined by covid-19},
author = {Sinha, I. Bennett, D. },
url = {https://www.bmj.com/content/369/bmj.m2061},
doi = {/10.1136/bmj.m2061 },
year = {2020},
date = {2020-05-27},
journal = {BMJ},
keywords = {Children, COVID-19, Health inequalities, Training},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{,
title = {Editorial: Children are being sidelined by covid-19},
author = {Sinha I, Bennett D & Taylor-Robinson DC
},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m2061 },
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m2061 },
year = {2020},
date = {2020-05-27},
journal = {BMJ },
volume = {369},
number = {2061},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{,
title = {Associations between commute mode and cardiovascular disease, cancer, and all-cause mortality, and cancer incidence, using linked Census data over 25 years in England and Wales: a cohort study},
author = {Patterson R, Panter J, Vamos EP, Cummins S, Millett C & Laverty AA},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(20)30079-6},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(20)30079-6},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-05-20},
journal = {The Lancet Planetary Health},
volume = {4},
number = {5},
pages = {186-194},
abstract = {

Background

Active travel is increasingly recognised as an important source of physical activity. We aimed to describe associations between commute mode and cardiovascular disease, cancer, and all-cause mortality.

},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{,
title = {Inequalities in COVID19 mortality related to ethnicity and socioeconomic deprivation},
author = {Rose TC, Mason K, Pennington A, McHale P, Taylor-Robinson DC & Barr B},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.25.20079491 },
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.25.20079491 },
year = {2020},
date = {2020-05-01},
journal = {medRxiv},
abstract = {

},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{,
title = {What guidance is there on portion size for feeding preschool‐aged children (1 to 5 years) in the United Kingdom and Ireland? A systematic grey literature review},
author = {Porter A, Kipping R, Summerbell C, Dobrescu A, Johnson L.},
doi = {/10.1111/obr.13021},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-03-26},
journal = {World Obesity Reviews},
abstract = {Large portion sizes of food can lead to excessive energy intake and weight gain in young children. Although portion size guidance is available, parents are often unaware it exists. Our systematic grey literature review aimed to identify the portion size guidance resources in the United Kingdom and Ireland, aimed at users (e.g., parents and childcare providers) responsible for feeding preschool‐aged children. We describe who the resources are aimed at, how they are informed and whether the recommended portion sizes are consistent across resources. Resources were identified via advanced Google searches, searching reference lists and contacting experts. Resources that provided quantifiable portion size information (e.g., grammes) were included. Portion sizes (g) were extracted and energy equivalents (kcal) were calculated. Portion sizes were analysed by food group and by eating occasion. Twenty‐two resources were identified. Median portion sizes were consistent across resources for fruit (40 g [IQR = 40–50]) and vegetables (40 g [IQR = 30–40]). Variability was observed in portion size and/or energy content for dairy (60 g [IQR = 25–93]), protein (72 kcal [IQR = 44–106]) and starchy (41 g/71 kcal [IQR = 25–80/56–106]) food groups. The range in size of an average eating occasion was large (90–292 g). This review identifies resources that could help caregivers to choose appropriate portion sizes for preschool‐aged children but also highlights how future resources could be improved.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{,
title = {Cycle training and factors associated with cycling among adolescents in England},
author = {McKay, A. Goodman, A. Van Sluijs, E. Millet, C. Laverty, A.
},
doi = {/10.1016/j.jth.2019.100815},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-03-09},
journal = {Journal of Transport and Health},
abstract = {Background
Cycling has the potential to encourage physical activity as well as advancing societal goals such as reducing carbon emissions; encouraging cycling is therefore a policy goal in many contexts. We analysed individual level data from the whole of England on factors associated with cycling among adolescents, including cycle training delivered by the age of 11 years in primary schools.

Methods
Data came from the nationally representative Millennium Cohort Study collected when participants were aged 13–15 years (adolescents). We assessed frequency of cycling at least once per week (regular cycling) and used logistic regression to assess how this differed across characteristics including demographic, health and environmental factors, as well as receiving cycle training (‘Bikeability’) in primary school.

Results
We found that 21.0% of adolescents cycled at least once per week. In fully adjusted analyses, this was more common among boys than girls (32.5% vs. 9.4%, p < 0.001), and those in rural areas than urban areas (24.9% vs. 20.3%, p < 0.001). Adolescents in areas with higher prevalence of adult cycle commuting were more likely to cycle regularly (26.1% in high cycling areas vs. 19.3% in low cycling areas, p < 0.001). Participants offered cycle training in primary school were not more likely to cycle regularly as adolescents (21.7% vs. 22.3%, p = 0.528). Discussion
Approximately one in five adolescents in England cycles regularly, although being offered cycle training in primary school was not linked to greater cycling. Many of the factors associated with adolescent cycling are similar to those for adults and adolescents are more likely to cycle in areas with higher levels of adult cycling.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{,
title = {Planning and Public Health professionals’ experiences of using the planning system to regulate hot food takeaway outlets in England: A qualitative study},
author = {Keeble, M. Burgoine, T. White, M. Summerbell, C. Cummins, S. Adams, J.},
doi = {10.1016/j.healthplace.2020.102305},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-03-06},
journal = {Health & Place},
abstract = {Takeaway food outlets offer limited seating and sell hot food to be consumed away from their premises. They typically serve energy-dense, nutrient-poor food. National planning guidelines in England offer the potential for local planning policies to promote healthier food environments through regulation of takeaway food outlets. Around half of English local government areas use this approach, but little is known about the process of adoption. We aimed to explore experiences and perceived success of planning policy adoption. In 2018 we recruited Planning and Public Health professionals from 16 local government areas in England and completed 26 telephone interviews. We analysed data with a thematic analysis approach. Participants felt that planning policy adoption was appropriate and can successfully regulate takeaway food outlets with the intention to improve health. They identified several facilitators and barriers towards adoption. Facilitators included internal co-operation between Planning and Public Health departments, and precedent for planning policy adoption set elsewhere. Barriers included “nanny-state” criticism, and difficulty demonstrating planning policy effectiveness. These could be considered in future guidelines to support widespread planning policy adoption.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{,
title = {Effects on mental health of a UK welfare reform, Universal Credit: a longitudinal controlled study},
author = {Wickham S, Bentley L, Rose T, Whitehead M, Taylor-Robinson D & Barr B},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(20)30026-8},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(20)30026-8},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-02-28},
journal = {The Lancet Public Health },
volume = {5},
number = {3},
pages = {e157-e164},
abstract = {Background: Universal Credit, a welfare benefit reform in the UK, began to replace six existing benefit schemes in April, 2013, starting with the income-based Job Seekers Allowance. We aimed to determine the effects on mental health of the introduction of Universal Credit.

Methods: In this longitudinal controlled study, we linked 197 111 observations from 52 187 individuals of working age (16–64 years) in England, Wales, and Scotland who participated in the Understanding Society UK Longitudinal Household Panel Study between 2009 and 2018 with administrative data on the month when Universal Credit was introduced into the area in which each respondent lived. We included participants who had data on employment status, local authority area of residence, psychological distress, and confounding variables. We excluded individuals from Northern Ireland and people out of work with a disability. We used difference-in-differences analysis of this nationally representative, longitudinal, household survey and separated respondents into two groups: unemployed people who were eligible for Universal Credit (intervention group) and people who were not unemployed and therefore would not have generally been eligible for Universal Credit (comparison group). Using the phased roll-out of Universal Credit, we compared the change in psychological distress (self-reported via General Health Questionnaire-12) between the intervention group and the comparison group over time as the reform was introduced in the area in which each respondent lived. We defined clinically significant psychological distress as a score of greater than 3 on the General Health Questionnaire-12. We tested whether there were differential effects across subgroups (age, sex, and education).

Findings: The prevalence of psychological distress increased in the intervention group by 6·57 percentage points (95% CI 1·69–11·42) after the introduction of Universal Credit relative to the comparison group, after accounting for potential confounders. We estimate that between April 29, 2013, and Dec 31, 2018, an additional 63 674 (95% CI 10 042–117 307) unemployed people will have experienced levels of psychological distress that are clinically significant due to the introduction of Universal Credit; 21 760 of these individuals might reach the diagnostic threshold for depression.

Interpretation: Our findings suggest that the introduction of Universal Credit led to an increase in psychological distress, a measure of mental health difficulties, among those affected by the policy. Future changes to government welfare systems should be evaluated not only on a fiscal basis but on their potential to affect health and wellbeing.

Funding: Wellcome Trust, UK National Institute for Health Research, and Medical Research Council.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Stevely2021,
title = {Drinking contexts and their association with acute alcohol‐related harm: A systematic review of event‐level studies on adults' drinking occasions},
author = {Stevely, A, K. Holmes, J. McNamara, S. Meier, P,S.},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/dar.13042},
doi = {/10.1111/dar.13042},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-02-17},
journal = {Drug and Alcohol Review},
keywords = {Alcohol, behaviour, systematic review},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{,
title = {Evaluating the causal impact of individual alcohol licensing decisions on local health and crime using natural experiments with synthetic controls},
author = {Frank de Vocht, Cheryl McQuire, Alan Brennan, Matt Egan, Colin Angus, Eileen Kaner, Emma Beard, Jamie Brown, Daniela De Angelis, Nick Carter, Barbara Murray, Rachel Dukes, Elizabeth Greenwood, Susan Holden, Russell Jago & Matthew Hickman },
url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/add.15002},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1111/add.15002},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-02-11},
journal = {Addiction},
abstract = {Background and Aims
Given the costs of alcohol to society, it is important to evaluate whether local alcohol licensing decisions can mitigate the effects of alcohol misuse. Robust natural experiment evaluations of the impact of individual licensing decisions could potentially inform and improve local decision‐making. We aimed to assess whether alcohol licensing decisions could be evaluated at small spatial scale by using a causal inference framework.

Design
Three natural experiments

Setting and participants
Three English local areas of 1,000 – 15,000 people each

Intervention and comparator
The case study interventions were (i) the closure of a nightclub following reviews; (ii) closure of a restaurant/nightclub following reviews, and (iii) implementation of new local licensing guidance (LLG). Trends in outcomes were compared with synthetic counterfactuals created using Bayesian structural timeseries.

Measurements
Timeseries data were obtained on emergency department admissions, ambulance call‐outs, and alcohol‐related crime at the Lower or Middle Super Output geographical aggregation level.

Findings
Closure of the nightclub lead to temporary 4‐month reductions in anti‐social behaviour (‐18%; 95% Credible Interval ‐37%, ‐4%), with no change on other outcomes. Closure of the restaurant/nightclub did not lead to measurable changes in outcomes. The new licensing guidance led to small reductions in drunk and disorderly behaviour (9 of a predicted 21 events averted), and the unplanned end of the LLG coincided with an increase in domestic violence of 2 incidents per month.

Conclusions
The impact of local alcohol policy, even at the level of individual premises, can be evaluated using a causal inference framework. Local government actions such as closure or restriction of alcohol venues and alcohol licensing may have a positive impact on health and crime in the immediate surrounding area.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{,
title = {Transforming the health system for the UK’s multiethnic population},
author = {Sarah Salway, Daniel Holman, Caroline Lee, Victoria McGowan, Yoav Ben-Shlomo, Sonia Saxena & James Nazroo},
url = {https://www.bmj.com/content/368/bmj.m268},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m268},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-02-11},
journal = {BMJ},
volume = {368},
number = {m268},
abstract = {The UK health system must take urgent action to better understand and meet the health needs of migrants and ethnic minority people, say Sarah Salway and colleagues

Ethnic diversity is a global phenomenon resulting from historical and contemporary movements of people. However, healthcare policy makers, practitioners, and researchers have been slow to wake up to this reality. We urgently need to improve our understanding of, and responses to, the health needs of mobile and ethnically diverse populations.

As a country with a colonial past, a long history of migration, well established minority ethnic groups, and high investment in health related research, the UK should be leading the way in evidence informed, equitable healthcare. In reality, however, the UK has significant shortcomings. We believe the health system’s failure to respond to ethnic diversification reflects a deeper, politically led, ambivalence towards the notion of multiethnic UK. Policy makers, practitioners, and researchers can and should challenge the persistent marginalisation of this agenda.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{,
title = {Contextual characteristics of adults’ drinking occasions and their association with levels of alcohol consumption and acute alcohol‐related harm: a mapping review},
author = {Abigail K. Stevely, John Holmes & Petra S. Meier},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/add.14839},
doi = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/add.14839},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-24},
journal = {Addiction},
volume = {115},
number = {2},
pages = {218-229},
abstract = {Background and Aims
There is a growing literature using event‐level methods to estimate associations between contextual characteristics of drinking occasions, consumption levels and acute harms. This literature spans many research traditions and has not been brought together as a whole. This mapping review aimed to identify and describe the theoretical approaches to conceptualizing drinking occasions, study designs, predictors and outcome measures used in existing research with a view to identifying dominant approaches, research gaps and areas for further synthesis.

Methods
Eligible papers studied adults’ drinking occasions using quantitative event‐level methods and considered one or more contextual characteristics (e.g. venue, timing or company) and at least one event‐level consumption or acute alcohol‐related harm outcome. We systematically searched Ovid MEDLINE, PsycInfo and the Web of Science Social Sciences Citation Index, extracting data on studies’ theoretical approach, data collection methods, settings, populations, drinking occasion characteristics and outcome measures.

Results
Searches identified 278 eligible papers (from 1975 to 2019), predominantly published after 2010 (n = 181; 65.1%). Most papers reported research conducted in the United States (n = 170; 61.2%) and half used student participants (n = 133; 47.8%). Papers typically lacked a stated theoretical approach (n = 203; 73.0%). Consistent with this, only 53 (19.1%) papers studied three or more occasion characteristics and most used methods that assume occasion characteristics do not change during an occasion (n = 189; 68.0%). The most common outcome type considered was consumption (n = 224; 80.6%) and only a few papers studied specific acute harm outcomes such as unprotected sex (n = 24; 8.6%), drink driving (n = 14; 5.0%) or sexual violence (n = 9; 3.2%).

Conclusions
Studies from 1975 to 2019 using event‐level methods to estimate associations between contextual characteristics of drinking occasions, consumption levels and acute harms were largely focused on students and consumption outcomes, and most have considered a limited range of contextual characteristics.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{,
title = {Protocol for developing a core outcome set for evaluating school-based physical activity interventions in primary schools},
author = {Foley K A, Venkatraman T, Ram B, Ells L, Van Sluijs E, Hargreaves D S, Greaves F, Sharabiani M, Viner R M, Bottle A, Saxena S. },
doi = {/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031868 },
year = {2019},
date = {2019-12-17},
journal = {BMJ Open},
volume = {9},
number = {12},
abstract = {Introduction
Primary school-based physical activity interventions, such as The Daily Mile initiative, have the potential to increase children’s physical activity levels over time, which is associated with a variety of health benefits. Comparing interventions or combining results of several studies of a single intervention is challenging because previous studies have examined different outcomes or used different measures that are not feasible or relevant for researchers in school settings. The development and implementation of a core outcome set (COS) for primary school-based physical activity interventions would ensure outcomes important to those involved in implementing and evaluating interventions are standardised.

Methods and analysis
Our aim is to develop a COS for studies of school-based physical activity interventions. We will achieve this by undertaking a four-stage process:(1) identify a list of outcomes assessed in studies through a systematic review of international literature; (2) establish domains from these outcomes to produce questionnaire items; (3) prioritise outcomes through a two-stage Delphi survey with four key stakeholder groups (researchers, public health professionals, educators and parents), where stakeholders rate the importance of each outcome on a 9-point Likert scale (consensus that the outcomes should be included in the COS will be determined as 70% or more of all stakeholders scoring the outcome 7%–9% and 15% or less scoring 1 to 3); (4) achieve consensus on a final COS in face-to-face meetings with a sample of stakeholders and primary school children.

Ethics and dissemination
We have received ethical approval from Imperial College London (ref: 19IC5428). The results of this study will be disseminated via conference presentations/public health meetings, peer-reviewed publications and through appropriate media channels.

Trial registration number
Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials Initiative (COMET) number: 1322.
This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{,
title = {Bridging the gap between the home and the hospital: a qualitative study of partnership working across housing, health and social care},
author = {Eleanor Holding, Lindsay Blank, Mary Crowder & Elizabeth Goyder
},
url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13561820.2019.1694496},
doi = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13561820.2019.1694496},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-12-10},
journal = {Journal of Interprofessional Care},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{,
title = {Correlates of English local government use of the planning system to regulate hot food takeaway outlets: a cross-sectional analysis},
author = { Keeble M, Adams J, White M, Summerbell C, Cummins S, Burgoine T. },
doi = {/10.1186/s12966-019-0884-4},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-12-09},
journal = {International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity},
abstract = {Background
Greater neighbourhood takeaway food outlet access has been associated with increased takeaway food consumption and higher body weight. National planning guidelines in England suggest that urban planning could promote healthier food environments through takeaway food outlet regulation, for example by restricting the proliferation of outlets near schools. It is unknown how geographically widespread this approach is, or local characteristics associated with its use. We aimed to address these knowledge gaps.

Methods
We used data from a complete review of planning policy documents adopted by local government areas in England (n = 325), which contained policies for the purpose of takeaway food outlet regulation. This review classified local government area planning policies as having a health (diet or obesity) or non-health focus. We explored geographical clustering of similar planning policies using spatial statistics. We used multinomial logistic regression models to investigate whether the odds of planning policy adoption varied according to local characteristics, for example the proportion of children with excess weight or the current number of takeaway food outlets.

Results
We observed clusters of local government areas with similar adopted planning policies in the North East, North West, and Greater London regions of England. In unadjusted logistic regression models, compared to local government areas with the lowest, those with highest proportion of 10–11 year olds with excess weight (OR: 25.31; 95% CI: 6.74, 94.96), and takeaway food outlet number (OR: 54.00; 95% CI: 6.17, 472.41), were more likely to have a health-focused planning policy, than none. In models adjusted for deprivation, relationships for excess weight metrics were attenuated. Compared to local government areas with the lowest, those with the highest takeaway food outlet number remained more likely to have a health-focused planning policy, than none (OR: 16.98; 95% CI: 1.44, 199.04). When local government areas were under Labour political control, predominantly urban, and when they had more geographically proximal and statistically similar areas in the same planning policy status category, they were also more likely to have health-focused planning policies.

Conclusions
Planning policies for the purpose of takeaway food outlet regulation with a health focus were more likely in areas with greater numbers of takeaway food outlets and higher proportions of children with excess weight. Other characteristics including Labour political control, greater deprivation and urbanisation, were associated with planning policy adoption, as were the actions of similar and nearby local government areas. Further research should engage with local policymakers to explore the drivers underpinning use of this approach.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{,
title = {The community-based prevention of diabetes (ComPoD) study: a randomised, waiting list controlled trial of a voluntary sector-led diabetes prevention programme},
author = {Jane R. Smith, Colin J. Greaves, Janice L. Thompson, Rod S. Taylor, Matthew Jones, Rosy Armstrong, Sarah Moorlock, Ann Griffin, Emma Solomon-Moore, Michele S. Y. Biddle, Lisa Price & Charles Abraham },
url = {https://ijbnpa.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12966-019-0877-3},
doi = {10.1186/s12966-019-0877-3},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-11-27},
journal = {International Journal of Behavioural Nutrition and Physical Activity},
volume = {16},
number = {112},
abstract = {Abstract
Objective
This two-site randomised trial compared the effectiveness of a voluntary sector-led, community-based diabetes prevention programme to a waiting-list control group at 6 months, and included an observational follow-up of the intervention arm to 12 months.

Methods
Adults aged 18–75 years at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes due to elevated blood glucose and being overweight were recruited from primary care practices at two UK sites, with data collected in participants’ homes or community venues. Participants were randomised using an online central allocation service. The intervention, comprising the prototype “Living Well, Taking Control” (LWTC) programme, involved four weekly two-hour group sessions held in local community venues to promote changes in diet and physical activity, plus planned follow-up contacts at two, three, six, nine and 12 months alongside 5 hours of additional activities/classes. Waiting list controls received usual care for 6 months before accessing the programme. The primary outcome was weight loss at 6 months. Secondary outcomes included glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), blood pressure, physical activity, diet, health status and well-being. Only researchers conducting analyses were blinded.

Results
The target sample of 314 participants (157 each arm) was largely representative of local populations, including 44% men, 26% from ethnic minorities and 33% living in deprived areas. Primary outcome data were available for 285 (91%) participants (141 intervention, 144 control). Between baseline and 6 months, intervention participants on average lost more weight than controls (− 1.7 kg, 95% CI − 2.59 to − 0.85). Higher attendance was associated with greater weight loss (− 3.0 kg, 95% CI − 4.5 to − 1.5). The prototype LWTC programme more than doubled the proportion of participants losing > 5% of their body weight (21% intervention vs. 8% control, OR 2.83, 95% CI 1.36 to 5.90) and improved self-reported dietary behaviour and health status. There were no impacts on HbA1c, blood pressure, physical activity and well-being at 6 months and, amongst intervention participants, few further changes from six to 12-months (e.g. average weight re-gain 0.36 kg, 95% CI − 0.20 to 0.91). There were no serious adverse events but four exercise-related injuries were reported in the intervention arm.

Conclusions
This voluntary sector-led diabetes prevention programme reached a broad spectrum of the population and had modest effects on weight-related outcomes, but limited impacts on other diabetes risk factors.

Trial registration
Trial registration number: ISRCTN70221670, 5 September 2014

Funder (National Institute for Health Research School for Public Health Research) project reference number: SPHR-EXE-PES-COM.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{,
title = {Patterns of sexualised recreational drug use and its association with risk behaviours and sexual health outcomes in men who have sex with men in London, UK: a comparison of cross-sectional studies conducted in 2013 and 2016},
author = {Curtis TJ, Rodger AJ, Burns F, Nardone A, Copas A & Wayal S},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2019-054139},
doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2019-054139},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-11-19},
journal = {Sexually Transmitted Infections},
volume = {0},
pages = {1-7},
abstract = {Abstract
Objective London has one of the highest identified prevalence of chemsex (sexualised recreational drug use) among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Europe. We examine MSM’s patterns of chemsex and its association with HIV/STI risk behaviours, STI diagnoses and sexual healthcare-seeking behaviours, including if HIV testing behaviour met UK national guidelines (three monthly if engaging in chemsex).

Methods Cross-sectional survey data from 2013 (n=905) and 2016 (n=739) were collected using anonymous, self-administered questionnaires from MSM recruited in commercial gay venues in London, UK. Descriptive and multivariable analyses, stratified by self-reported HIV status, were conducted. Adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) with 95% CIs were calculated.

Results Comparing the 2013 and 2016 surveys, chemsex prevalence in the past year remained stable, in both HIV-negative/unknown-status MSM (20.9% in 2013 vs 18.7% in 2016, p=0.301) and HIV-positive MSM (41.6% in 2013 vs 41.7% in 2016, p=0.992). Combined 2013–2016 data showed that compared with other MSM, those reporting chemsex were more likely to report HIV/STI risk behaviours, including condomless anal intercourse with serodifferent HIV-status partners (HIV-negative/unknown-status men: aPR 2.36, 95% CI 1.68 to 3.30; HIV-positive men: aPR 4.19, 95% CI 1.85 to 9.50), and STI diagnoses in the past year (HIV-negative/unknown-status men: aPR 2.10, 95% CI 1.64 to 2.69; HIV-positive men: aPR 2.56, 95% CI 1.57 to 4.20). 68.6% of HIV-negative/unknown-status men reporting chemsex attended sexual health clinics and 47.6% had tested for HIV more than once in the past year.

Conclusions Chemsex in London MSM remained stable but high, particularly among HIV-positive men. Irrespective of HIV status, chemsex was associated with engagement in HIV/STI risk behaviours. Frequency of HIV testing in the past year among HIV-negative/unknown-status men was below national recommendations. Promoting combination prevention strategies, including three monthly HIV/STI testing, access to pre-exposure prophylaxis/antiretroviral trea},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{,
title = {Differences in energy and nutritional content of menu items served by popular UK chain restaurants with versus without voluntary menu labelling: A cross-sectional study},
author = {Dolly R. Z Theis & Jean Adams},
url = {https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0222773#abstract0},
doi = {https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0222773},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-10-16},
journal = {PLOS ONE},
volume = {14},
number = {10},
abstract = {Abstract
Background
Poor diet is a leading driver of obesity and morbidity. One possible contributor is increased consumption of foods from out of home establishments, which tend to be high in energy density and portion size. A number of out of home establishments voluntarily provide consumers with nutritional information through menu labelling. The aim of this study was to determine whether there are differences in the energy and nutritional content of menu items served by popular UK restaurants with versus without voluntary menu labelling.

Methods and findings
We identified the 100 most popular UK restaurant chains by sales and searched their websites for energy and nutritional information on items served in March-April 2018. We established whether or not restaurants provided voluntary menu labelling by telephoning head offices, visiting outlets and sourcing up-to-date copies of menus. We used linear regression to compare the energy content of menu items served by restaurants with versus without menu labelling, adjusting for clustering at the restaurant level. Of 100 restaurants, 42 provided some form of energy and nutritional information online. Of these, 13 (31%) voluntarily provided menu labelling. A total of 10,782 menu items were identified, of which total energy and nutritional information was available for 9605 (89%). Items from restaurants with menu labelling had 45% less fat (beta coefficient 0.55; 95% CI 0.32 to 0.96) and 60% less salt (beta coefficient 0.40; 95% CI 0.18 to 0.92). The data were cross-sectional, so the direction of causation could not be determined.

Conclusion
Menu labelling is associated with serving items with less fat and salt in popular UK chain restaurants. Mandatory menu labelling may encourage reformulation of items served by restaurants. This could lead to public health benefits.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{,
title = {Assessing the impact of rising child poverty on the unprecedented rise in infant mortality in England, 2000–2017: time trend analysis},
author = {David Taylor-Robinson, Eric T C Lai, Sophie Wickham, Tanith Rose, Paul Norman, Clare Bambra, Margaret Whitehead and Ben Barr},
url = {https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/bmjopen/9/10/e029424.full.pdf},
doi = {10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029424},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-10-03},
journal = {BMJ Open},
volume = {9},
number = {10},
abstract = {Objective: To determine whether there were inequalities in the sustained rise in infant mortality in England in recent years and the contribution of rising child poverty to these
trends.
Design: This is an analysis of trends in infant mortality in local authorities grouped into five categories (quintiles) based on their level of income deprivation. Fixed-effects regression models were used to quantify the association between regional changes in child poverty and regional changes in infant mortality.
Setting: 324 English local authorities in 9 English government office regions.
Participants: Live-born children under 1 year of age.
Main outcome measure: Infant mortality rate, defined as the number of deaths in children under 1 year of age per 100 000 live births in the same year.
Results: The sustained and unprecedented rise in infant mortality in England from 2014 to 2017 was not experienced evenly across the population. In the most deprived local authorities, the previously declining trend in infant mortality reversed and mortality rose, leading to an additional 24 infant deaths per 100 000 live births per year (95%CI 6 to 42), relative to the previous trend. There was no significant change from the pre-existing trend in the most affluent local authorities. As a result, inequalities in infant mortality increased, with the gap between the most and the least deprived local authority areas widening by 52 deaths per 100 000 births (95%CI 36 to 68). Overall from 2014 to 2017, there were a total of 572 excess infant deaths (95%CI 200 to 944) compared with what would have been expected based on historical trends. We estimated that each 1% increase in child poverty was
significantly associated with an extra 5.8 infant deaths per 100 000 live births (95%CI 2.4 to 9.2). The findings suggest that about a third of the increases in infant mortality between 2014 and 2017 can be attributed to rising child poverty (172 deaths, 95%CI 74 to 266).
Conclusion: This study provides evidence that the unprecedented rise in infant mortality disproportionately affected the poorest areas of the country, leaving the more
affluent areas unaffected. Our analysis also linked the recent increase in infant mortality in England with rising child poverty, suggesting that about a third of the increase
in infant mortality from 2014 to 2017 may be attributed to rising child poverty.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{,
title = {Impact of banning smoking in cars with children on exposure to second-hand smoke: a natural experiment in England and Scotland},
author = {Laverty, Anthony; Hone, Thomas; Anyanwu, Phili; Robinson, David; Vocht, Frank; Millett, Christopher & Hopkinson, Nicholas},
url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/335954494_Impact_of_banning_smoking_in_cars_with_children_on_exposure_to_second-hand_smoke_a_natural_experiment_in_England_and_Scotland
},
doi = {/10.1101/19006353},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-09-20},
journal = {medRxiv},
abstract = {A ban on smoking in cars with children was implemented in April 2015 in England and December 2016 in Scotland. With survey data from both countries (NEngland=3,483-6,920 and NScotland=232-319), we used this natural experiment to assess the impact of the ban using a difference-in-differences approach. We conducted logistic regression analyses within a Difference-in-Difference framework and adjusted for age, sex, a marker of deprivation and survey weighting for non-response. Among children aged 13-15 years, self-reported levels of regular exposure to smoke in cars were 3.4% in 2012, 2.2% in 2014 and 1.3% in 2016 for Scotland and 6.3%, 5.9% and 1.6% in England. The ban was associated with a 73% reduction (95%CI -59%, -81%) in self-reported exposure to tobacco smoke among children.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{,
title = {Exploring the links between unhealthy eating behaviour and heavy alcohol use in the social, emotional and cultural lives of young adults (aged 18-25) },
author = {Stephanie Scott, Cassey Muir, Martine Stead, Niamh Fitzgerald, Eileen Kaner, Jen Bradley, Wendy Wrieden, Christine Power, Ashley Adamson},
url = {https://research.tees.ac.uk/en/publications/exploring-the-links-between-unhealthy-eating-behaviour-and-heavy-},
doi = {/10.1016/j.appet.2019.104449},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-09-11},
journal = {Appetite},
volume = {144},
pages = {8},
abstract = {

},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{,
title = {A qualitative study of health promotion in academy schools in England},
author = {Patricia E. Jessiman, Rona Campbell, Russ Jago, Esther M. F. Van Sluijs & Dorothy Newbury-Birch },
url = {https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-019-7510-x},
doi = {/10.1186/s12889-019-7510-x},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-08-28},
journal = {BMC Public Health},
volume = {19},
number = {1186},
abstract = {

Background

Schools are an important setting for health promotion. In England, around one third of publicly funded schools have become independent of local authorities since 2000 and are now academies, run by an academy trust. The aim of this research was to examine attitudes towards health promotion held by academy trust leaders and senior staff. The research questions were: 1. How do academy trusts in England perceive their role in health promotion amongst students? 2. How are decisions around health promotion made in academy trusts? 3. What factors inhibit and encourage health promotion in academy schools? 4. How might public health academics and practitioners best engage with academy schools to facilitate health promotion activity and research?

Methods

Qualitative study utilising semi-structured interviews. Twenty five academy and school leaders were purposively sampled to achieve variation in trust size and type. In addition, five respondents were recruited from public and third-sector agencies seeking to work with or influence academy trusts around health promotion. Framework analysis was used to determine emergent themes and identify relationships between themes and respondent type. Early findings were triangulated at a stakeholder event with 40 delegates from academia, local authority public health teams, and third sector organisations.

Results

There is wide variation amongst senior academy and trust leaders in how they perceive the role of academies in promoting health and wellbeing amongst students. There is also variability in whether academy trusts responsible for more than one school adopt a centralised strategy to health promotion or allow individual schools autonomy. This was dependent on the trust leaders’ attitude and interest in health promotion rather than any perceived external accountability. Identified barriers to health promotion include financial constraints, a narrow focus on educational outcomes and school performance, and limited understanding about effective health interventions.

Conclusion

In the current absence of national policy or guidance around health promotion in schools, health has variable status in academies in England. There is a need to better engage all academy trusts in health promotion and support them to implement a strategic approach to health promotion.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{,
title = {The impact of smoking and smoking cessation on disease outcomes in ulcerative colitis: a nationwide population-based study},
author = {Jonathan Blackwell, Sonia Saxena, Christopher Alexakis, Alex Bottle, Elizabeth Cecil, Azeem Majeed, Richard C. Pollok
},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/apt.15390},
doi = {/10.1111/apt.15390},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-08-06},
journal = { Aliment Pharmacol Ther.},
volume = {2019},
number = {50},
pages = {556-567},
abstract = {

},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{,
title = {Exploring the relationship between housing concerns, mental health and wellbeing: a qualitative study of social housing tenants},
author = {Eleanor Holding, Lindsay Blank, Mary Crowder, Edward Ferrari and Elizabeth Goyder},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdz076},
doi = {/10.1093/pubmed/fdz076},
issn = {1741-3842},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-07-11},
journal = {Journal of Public Health},
abstract = {Background
The rising prevalence of mental health problems is a growing public health issue. Poor mental health is not equally distributed across social groups and is associated with poverty and insecure housing. An evaluation of a social housing intervention provided an opportunity to explore the connections between housing and wider determinants of health and wellbeing.

Methods
We undertook 44 interviews with social housing tenants over a two-year period to explore their views on housing, health and wellbeing.

Results
Poor mental health was common. The results suggest that perceptions of housing quality, service responsiveness, community safety, benefit changes and low income all have a detrimental effect on tenants’ mental health.

Conclusions
Social housing providers who wish to have a positive impact on the mental health of their tenants need to consider how to best support or mitigate the impact of these stresses. Addressing traditional housing officer functions such as reporting or monitoring home repairs alongside holistic support remains an important area where social housing departments can have substantial health impact. Tackling the complex nature of mental health requires a joined up approach between housing and a number of services.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{,
title = {What helped and hindered implementation of an intervention package to reduce smoking in pregnancy: process evaluation guided by normalization process theory},
author = {Susan Jones, Sharon Hamilton, Ruth Bell, Vera Araújo-Soares, Svetlana V. Glinianaia, Eugene M. G. Milne, Martin White, Martyn Willmore and Janet Shucksmith },
doi = {10.1186/s12913-019-4122-1},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-05-24},
journal = {BMC Health Services Research},
volume = {19},
number = {297},
abstract = {Background

Smoking in pregnancy causes harm to mother and baby. Despite evidence from trials of what helps women quit, implementation in the real world has been hard to achieve. An evidence-based intervention, babyClear©, involving staff training, universal carbon monoxide monitoring, opt-out referral to smoking cessation services, enhanced follow-up protocols and a risk perception tool was introduced across North East England. This paper presents the results of the qualitative analyses, reporting acceptability of the system changes to staff, as well as aids and hindrances to implementation and normalization of this complex intervention.

Methods

Process evaluation was used to complement an effectiveness study. Interviews with maternity and smoking cessation services staff and observations of training were undertaken. Normalization Process Theory (NPT) was used to frame the interview guides and analysis. NPT is an empirically-derived theory, developed by sociologists, that uses four concepts to understand the process of routinising new practices.

Results

Staff interviews took place across eight National Health Service trusts at a time of widespread restructuring in smoking cessation services. Principally interviewees worked in maternity (n = 63) and smoking cessation services (n = 35). Five main themes, identified inductively, influenced the implementation: 1) initial preparedness of the organisations; 2) staff training; 3) managing partnership working; 4) resources; 5) review and planning for sustainability.

Conclusions

NPT was used to show that the babyClear© package was acceptable to staff in a range of organisations. Illustrated in Themes 1, 2 & 3, staff welcomed ways to approach pregnant women about their smoking, without damaging their professional relationship with them. Predicated on producing individual behaviour change in women, the intervention does this largely through reorganising and standardising healthcare systems that are required to implement best practice guidelines. Changing organisational systems requires belief and commitment from staff, so that they set up and maintain practical adjustments to their practice and are reflective about adapting themselves and the work context as new challenges are encountered. The ongoing challenge is to identify and maintain the elements of the intervention package which are essential for its effectiveness and how to tailor them to local circumstances and resources without compromising its core ingredients.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{,
title = {Feasibility and acceptability of a Takeaway Masterclass aimed at encouraging healthier cooking practices and menu options in takeaway food outlets},
author = {Hillier-Brown, F. Lloyd, S. Muhammad, L. Summerbell, C. },
doi = {10.1017/S1368980019000648},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-05-21},
journal = {Public Health Nutrition },
abstract = {

},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{,
title = {What helped and hindered implementation of an enhanced package of measures to reduce smoking in pregnancy: process evaluation guided by Normalization Process Theory},
author = {Susan Jones, Sharon Hamilton, Ruth Bell, Vera Araujo-Saures, Svetlana Glinianaia, Eugene Milne, Martin White, Martyn Willmore, Janet Shucksmith},
url = {https://research.tees.ac.uk/en/publications/what-helped-and-hindered-implementation-of-an-intervention-packag
},
doi = {/10.1186/s12913-019-4122-1},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-05-09},
journal = {BMC Health Services Research },
volume = {19},
number = {297},
pages = {13},
abstract = {Background: Smoking in pregnancy causes harm to mother and baby. Despite evidence from trials of what helps women quit, implementation in the real world has been hard to achieve. An evidence-based intervention, babyClear©, involving staff training, universal carbon monoxide monitoring, opt-out referral to smoking cessation services, enhanced follow-up protocols and a risk perception tool was introduced across North East England. This paper presents the results of the qualitative analyses, reporting acceptability of the system changes to staff, as well as aids and hindrances to implementation and normalization of this complex intervention.

Methods: Process evaluation was used to complement an effectiveness study. Interviews with maternity and smoking cessation services staff and observations of training were undertaken. Normalization Process Theory (NPT) was used to frame the interview guides and analysis. NPT is an empirically-derived theory, developed by sociologists, that uses four concepts to understand the process of routinising new practices.

Results: Staff interviews took place across eight National Health Service trusts at a time of widespread restructuring in smoking cessation services. Principally interviewees worked in maternity (n=63) and smoking cessation services (n=35). Five main themes, identified inductively, influenced the implementation: 1) initial preparedness of the organisations; 2) staff training; 3) managing partnership working; 4) resources; 5) review and planning for sustainability.

Conclusions: NPT was used to show that the babyClear© package was acceptable to staff in a range of organisations. Illustrated in Themes 1, 2 & 3, staff welcomed ways to approach pregnant women about their smoking, without damaging their professional relationship with them. Predicated on producing individual behaviour change in women, the intervention does this largely through reorganising and standardising healthcare systems that are required to implement best practice guidelines. Changing organisational systems requires belief and commitment from staff, so that they set up and maintain practical adjustments to their practice and are reflective about adapting themselves and the work context as new challenges are encountered. The ongoing challenge is to identify and maintain the elements of the intervention package which are essential for its effectiveness and how to tailor them to local circumstances and resources without compromising its core ingredients.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}